Chuck



1 HARTNESS.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED APR-1.1915. i 1 193,141. 11316111611111111191@ a 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 7. |915.

1 1 93, 1 4 1 Patented Aug. 1, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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J. HARTNESS.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION mio APR. 1, ma.

1 1,93, 1 4 1 Patented Aug. 1, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Y1U NTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

CHUCK.

Application filed April 7, 1915.

To al whom t may concern Be it known that I, JAMns HAuTNnss, a citizen of the United States, and a resident oit Springfield, in the county of Vindsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chucks, of which the following is a speciication.

This invention has relation to work holders or chucks for lathes or other like machines.

The object of the invention is to provide a chuck in which the work may be securely held, which will be simple in construction and positive in operation, and in which if desired the jaws may be controlled by a. sliding collar similar to that used in controlling clutches.

(')n the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a chuck embodying the invention, the sliding collar being shown in section. Fig. Q represents a longitudinal section through the chuck. Fig. 3 represents a view ot the front end of the chuck. Fig. 4 represents a view of the opposite end. Fig. 5 represents a transverse section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2 and shows the rockers in position to close the jaws. Fig. 6 represents a similar section but with the cam in the position to release the jaws. Fig. 7 is an end elevation ot the parts in the position shown in Fig. G. Fig. S represents a section on the line S S oi Fig. Q. Fig. 9 represents a section through one of the jaws and a supporting rocker, and shows the means for the adjustment ot the jaw. Fig. 10 represents the rear tace of the jaw and illustrates the thread formed therein. Fig. 11 shows in trout or end elevation the chuck body. Fig. 1:2 represents a section therethrough. Figs. 13 and 1i illustrate the plate for closing the front o'l the body and assisting in the torniation of hearings for the rockers. Fig. 15 shows the cam member for operating the rockers. Fig. 1G shows the quill with the wedge members mounted thereon. Figs. 17 and 1F show detached the member which is carried by the quill. Fig. 19 shows the member which is mounted upon the spindle and also shows in end elevation the spindle and the quill. Fig. 2O illustrates the wedge members at the rear ends ot the spindle and quill. Figs. 21 and Q2 (Sheet 1) show Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 1, 1916.

serial No. 19,722.

a rocker for one ot' the jaws. Fig. 23 shows one ot' the jaws detached. Fig. 21 illustrates one of the wedges showing a plan and an edge view of the same. Fig. 25 shows a front end elevation of the chuck, and illustrates how the aws may be reversed to engage the internal wall of hollow work. Figs. 2G to 28 inclusive illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which the jaw and its supporting rocker are integral. Figs. Q9 to 31 inclusive illustrate another embodiment of the invention in which the body is formed separately from and secured to the spindle.

AXccording to the illustrated embodiment oi' the invention, I provide the chuck body with three rocking jaws having their axes located at the same distance from the axis of the body, and equidistant from each other. These three jaws are so formed that, when they are oscillated in one direction, they are caused to engage the work, and, when they are oscillated in the opposite direction, they release the work. The operative faces of the jaws move in arcs which are tangential to the periphery ot' the work and a relatively slight rocking movement is suiiicientto en'- gage said jaws with or disengage them from the work. Any suitable means may be ntiliZed for oscillating the working jaws, but, iii the illustrated embodiment of the invention, 1 employ a cam member having three cam projections one for each of the jaws, and which, when the cam member is rotated in one direction or the other, impart an oscillatory movement simultaneously to the jaws. I find it convenient and desirable t0 form or secure the cam member, which may take the form ot a ring, upon an internal sleeve or quill which extends rearwardly through the spindle on which the body 1s formed or secured. For effecting a relative rotative adjustment of the spindle and quill, I preferably employ a wedging mechanism which may be operated by the longitudinal sliding movement of a sleeve, which sliding movement may be secured by the use ot the ordinary shipper or handle.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular details of construction and arrangement ot parts which 1 have illustrated and shall subsequently describe, and that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

1 will now give a more detailed description otl the chuck which is illustrated by Figs. 1 to 25 inclusive of the drawings. The chuck body is indicated as a whole at 30. lVhile it may be formed separately, as atterward explained, I may l'orm it integrally with the spindle li, which spindle corresponds to that usually employed in metalturning machines, and which ordinarily is ymounted upon suitable bearings aliorded by the frame of the machine. The body is comparati.'ely large and rigid. ln its trent iace, it is provided with a recess and with three sockets 33, 33, 323, as shown in Fig. 11, which are radially removed from the axis of the body and which communicate with said recess as best shown in Fig. Arranged in the sockets are the three rockers 3l, one of which is shown in detail in Figs. Q2 and These rockers are held in place by, and are partially journaled in, a cover plate 35, the front i'ace or' which is llush with the liront tace ot the body, as indicated in Fig. This cover plate 55 is shaped as shown in Figs. 13 and 1i. In the rear ot the cover plate, there is a cam ring 3G which is secured upon a quill or sleeve 37 which extends rearwardlyv through the spindle. The cam ring is shown as provided with three cam projections 23S which are adapted to engage the cam t'aces Tl of arms 39 formed on the rockers 3l between their ends. The peripherics ot the several rockers are recessed between their ends, as illustrated in Fig. 6, so as to receive the cam projections 38 and also to allord cam faces l() with which the cam projections may be engaged to move the rockers. By moving the cam ring` Fig. (E clockwise, the cam projections 3S will engage the faces 7l and move the rockers about their respective axes in one direction to cause the engagement ol the jaws with the work: and, when said cam ring is moved anti-clocl-:wise` said projections S'SS will engage the t'aces l0 se as to move said rockers in the. opposite direction and release the work. Fach rocker projects forwardly from the i'ace ot the chuck body, as shown in Fig. i2, and it may be provided with an undercut guidew ay Yll to receive a sliding jaw member l2. Considered broadly, the rocker and the member l2 constitute a rocking jaw, and they may, it desired, be formed in one part or element without capability of relative adjustment. l sometimes herein refer to these parts for convenience as a rocker and a jaw, and to the two together as a rocking jaw or jaw mounted to rock on the body. For convenience. each jaw may be provided with three separate shoulders or faces a, 7) and c tor engagement with the work according to its diameter.

l provide means, however, for adjusting the jaws, said means comprising a worm i3 which engages complemental teeth formed on the rear face of the jaw, as indicated at Vrl--lf in Fig. l0. This worm is located in a socket l5 in the il'ront end ot the rocker and has a shank lo with an angular aperture to receive a tool by which it may be rotated. '.lhe laces or shoulders a, o and c, by which the work is engaged, may be shaped as shown in i', and the jaws are so arranged that, when the rockers are rocked about their axes, the operative portions oi' the laces may be caused to engage or disengage the work as the case may be, their movement being arcuate and tangential to the periphery of the work or to a circle cireumscribed about the axisl ol' the chuck body. ythe laces are prei"- erabiy backed otl', as shown. being` in etl'cct eccentric to the axis otl the rocking movement ol' the jaw, and hence a relativ ely short rotative movement ol' the, cam ring in one direction or the other is sulicicnt to cause the jaws to ge or release the work. As shown in Fig. 25, the jaws may be reversed in the rockers, so that their shoulders or laces will engage the inner wall ot hollow work.

Any suitable means may be utiliz/.ed lor effecting the relative rotative movement otl the fam ring and the chuck body, but l ind it convenient to utiliye a wedging meenanism operable by a sliding sleeve and including one or more wedges arranged between projections extending radially from the spindle and the quill. as I will now explain. lt will be noted from an inspection o1" Fig. that the rear end otl the pull 3T projects a short distance beytmd the end of the spindle 31. For convenierne ot manufacture, io these twc members are secured collars` provided with the radial piojections betw'een which are located one or more wedges. the latter being moved in the direction ol' the axis ot the spindle by said sleeve so as to torce the sviudle and the The juill rotatively in opposite directions.

collar tor the spindle indicated at Si) and it is keyed thereto as indicated at 5l. The collar tor the quill indicated at and it is keyed upon the. juill as indicated at 3:3, being held in place bv the threaded sleeve 5l. Said collar 50 has two radial projections 55, and the collar 5t? has .wo radial` projections 5G, 5G. These latter projections 56 are formed on lugs 5T which project forwardly trom the collar as shown in Figs. 16, i7 and 18. The projections i and 37 lie in the same transverse planes ol the spindle as shown in Fig. Qt). Between these projections 55 and 56 may be arranoed the tour wedges 5S. two having their smaller ends projecting' forwardly and the alternating wedges having their smaller ends projecting rearwardly. One oi' these wedges is illustrated in Fig. 2t. Said wedges rest upon the peripheral portions of the two collars between the radial projections formed thereon respectively, and they are encircled b y a sleeve t5() which has peripheral ribs or llanges (il, (32, forming a groove to receive the usual rolls or blocks or collar carried by the usual shipping lever. On both ends of each wedge are tlanges 5t) which overlap the ends of the sleeve (50, so that, notwithstanding the sleeve may rotate relatively thereto, yet, when the sleeve is moved in one direction or the other, the wedges will be carried with it. Frein this explanation, it will be quite clear that, when the wedges are moved axially of the spindle in one direction or the other, their sliding engagement with the radial projections 55, o6 ot the two collars 5t) and 532 will ellect a relative rotative adjustment of the spindle and.

quill, and that this movement will be positive irrespective of whether the sleeve be moved forwardly or rearwardly. II`hus there is present in this device a member which is movable longitudinally o'tl the chuck axis and which through intervening mechanism etlects a rocking movement, or opening and closing ot' the jaws.

In Figs. 2o to 2S inclusive, I have illustrated a form of the invention in which the jaws and the rockers are integral. The jaws are indicated at 70, and their shanks which constitute the rockers are indicated at 'TI and are slightly reduced in diameter. 'lfhese shanks are grooved at 72 to receive the cam projections 38 ot' the cam member Clo, the bottom walls ot the grooves being curved or otherwise formed to constitute cam Yt'aces to be engaged by the projections 38. so that the jaws will be rocked when the cam member is moved about its axis. The location ot' the cam projections o8 in the grooves 72 prevents the endwise dislocation or removal ot' the rockers lrom the chuck body. l3nt, by rotating the cam member to an abnormal position, as shown in Fig. 28. the jaws and their rockers may be withdrawn from the body. .In this lorm of' the invention, each ot' the jaws has but a single shoulder or face 73 which is slightly concave, and which is rounded at the ends.

I have already stated herein that the chuck body may be formed separately trom the spindle. In Figs. Q9 to 31, I ha ve shown such a construction. The spindle Si) has at its trout end a flange 8] to which the body Si is secured by screws 83. The cam member St isjournaled in three blocks or projections S5 projecting forwardly trom the body 82 and lying between the projections SG ot said cam member. This cam member is made ot three parts or segments as shown in Fig. 3l. and they are engaged with ribs 87 formed on the quill 89. They are inserted in the body and then the quill is passed through the body, the head 89 of said quill holding them in place. Instead of having an inner ringl or cover plate, as in the tirst form ol' chuck, I employ an outer cover plate UO, which is socketed at 91 to cooperate with the body to form bearings tor the rocking jaws. This plate is secured in place by screws U2 and it is Hush with the front faces o'tl the blocks or projections and also with the end ot' the quill.

In the forms el chuck shown in Figs. 2G to Ell inclusive, the (juill and the spindle may be rotatively adjusted, one relati\ciy to the other, by wedging mechanism such as described in connection with the chuck shown in Figs. 1 to 2i inclusive.

Having thus explained the nature of my said invention and explained a way of making and using the same, although without attempting to set i'orth all of the forms in which it may be made or all ot the modes of its use. what Yl claim is:-

l. A. chuck ciunprising a recessed body, a pluri lity ot jaws mounted in the recesses in said body to roclt' on axes parallel to the axis ot said body, and a member concentric with the body and axially' immovable relatively thereto. and having cam members thereon tor operatively engaging said jaws to rock them.

A chuck comprising a recessed body, a, plurality ot' rcckers mounted in the recesses ot thc bod v to rock on xes parallel to the axis ot' said body, jaws on the ends ot' said rockers having work-engaging laces located in i'ront ctt .said body. and means for actuating the rockers including an annular cam directly engaging saidV rockers and held against axial movement relati\ely to said body.y said annular member being arranged concentrically within said body, and means l'or moving said cam about its axis.

Il. A chuck comprising a body, a plurality ot' jaws mounted on #aid body to rock on axes parallel to the axis ot said body, and a cam arranged comentrically with said. bcd.v and held against axial movement relatively thereto, said cam and jaws having cooperative engaging portions, in consequence ot which the rotation ot said cam imparts a'rocking movement to said jaws.

17. chuck comprising a body, jaws mounted on said 1body to rock on axes parallel with the axis ot said body, said jaws having cam faces, a cam concentric with said bodv and arranged to engage said faces, means for holding said cam against axial movement relatively to said body and said jaws, and means for elliecting a relative ro tative movement ot' said cam and said body.

5. chuck comprising a body having sockets radially removed trom the axis thereo't. rocking jaws journaled in said sockets and having workengaging portions projected beyond the front l'ace of said il. O t) body, and means within the body for operatively engaging said jaws to rock them, including an axially immovable sleeve and external members thereon for operating said jaws.

6. A chuck comprising a body, rockers mounted thereon to move about axes parallel to the axis of the body, and having their end s projecting beyond the front face ot' the body, a jaw supported on the projecting end of each rocker and adapted to slide transversely thereof in lines intersecting the axis thereof, means for slidably adjusting said jaws independently ot each other, and means for rotating said rockers on their respective axes simultaneously to cause the jaws to engage or release the work.

T. A chuck comprising a body, rocking jaws mounted thereon to rock on axes radi-.

ally removed from the axis of said body, a cam member for rocking said jaws in unison, means for holding said cam member against axial movement relatively to said body and said jaws, and wedging mechanism for etfecting a relative rotative movement ot niid cam member and said body.

8. In combination, a work spindle, a chuck body thereon, rocking jaws on the chuck body mounted to rock on axes radially removed from the axis of said body, an oscillatory quill or sleeve concentric with said spindle and axially immovable relatively thereto, means operatively connected with said quill to rock said jaws, and means for etiiecting a relative rotative movement of said spindle and quill.

9. In combination, a work spindle, a chuck body thereon, rocking jaws on the chuck body mounted to rock on axes radially removed from the axis of said body, a quill or sleeve within and concentric with said spindle, means operatively connected with said quill to rock said jaws, one or more wedges constructed and arranged to eline/ct a relative rotative movement of the spindle and quill, and means for moving said wedge or wedges relatively to said spindle and sleeve lengthwise thereof.

l0. In combination, a work spindle, a chuck body thereon, rocking jaws on'the chuck body mounted to rock on axes radially removed from the axis of said body, a quill or sleeve within said spindle and held against axial movement relatively thereto, means operatively connected with said quill to rock said jaws, said spindle and quill having radial projections. and one or more wedges between said projections and movable axially of the spindle to effect a relative rotative movement of the spindle and quill.

l1. In combination, a work spindle, a chuck body thereon, rocking jaws on the chuck body mounted to rock on axes radially removed from the axis of said body, a

quill or sleeve within said spindle, means operatively connected with said quill to rock said jaws, said spindle and quill having radial projections, one or more wedges between said projections and movable axially of the spindle to effect a relative rotative movement ot' the spindle and quill, and a sliding sleeve operatively connected with said wedges to move them.

l2. In combination, a hollow work spindie, a chuck body at one end thereof, rocking jaws carried by said body, a sleeve mounted to slide on the other end of said spindle, and mechanism actuated by said sleeve and extending through said hollow spindle tor rocking said jaws to engage or release the work.

I3. In combination, a work spindle, a chuck body thereon having` movable jaws, a sleeve mounted to slide axially of said spindle, and means actuated by said sleeve for moving said jaws to engage or release the work, said means comprising a quill within said spindle and held against longitudinal movement relatively thereto, and one or more wedges operatively connected with said sleeve and arranged b v a wedging action to etfect a relative rotative movement of said quill and spindle.

l-l. In combination, a chuck body, movable jaws thereon, a rotatable quill having means for actuating said jaws to engage and release the work, a spindle connected to said body, said spindle and quill having radial projections and being held against relative longitudinal movement, a wedge movable longitudinally of the spindle and the quill and engaged with said projections, and means for moving said wedge to separate said projections and thus efect a relative rotative movement of the spindle and quill.

l5. In combination, a chuck body, rockers mounted thereon to move on axes parallel to the axis of the chuck body and having transverse guideways on the ends thereof, means for oscillating said rockers simultaneously, reversible jaws mounted on said rockers to slide in said guideways transversely to the axes of said rockers, and adapted for gripping the interior or the exterior walls of the work, and means for adjusting said jaws in said guideways in lines transverse to the axes of said rockers.

16. A chuck comprising a centrally apertured chuck body having parallel recesses radially removed from and parallel to the axis thereof, rockers mounted in said recesses, a front plate secured to said body, aws on said rockers located outside of said front plate, a centrally disposed cam held against axial movement relatively to said body and said rockers for rocking said rockers, and means for imparting a rotative movement to said cam in either direction.

17. )l chuck comprising a hollow spindle and a centrally apertured body on the end thereof, a quill extending through said spindle into the chuck body and having cam members thereon, means for holding said quill and cam members against axial movement relatively to said spindle and said bed'v,r rocking javvs journaled in sockets in the jaw body radially disposed from the axis thereof and each having faces adapted to be alternately engaged by one of the cam members vvhereby the jaw is rocked or oscillated in one direction er the other, and means for rotatively moving said quill and cam members alternately in opposite directions.

1S. A chuck comprising a body, parallel rochers journaled in sockets formed in said body parallel with but removed from the axis thereof, a rotatable cam for rocking said rockers and held against axial movement relatively thereto, and jaws on the ends of said rochers, each of said jaws having a flat Work engaging face tangential to a circle circumscribed about the axis of the associated rocker.

l). ln a chuck, the combination With a body, a spindle, and jaws mounted on said body, oi' mechanism for actuating said jaws comprising a sleeve immovable axially of said spindle, projections on said spindle and said sleeve, oppositely arranged Wedges lying between said projections, and an encircling collar engaged with said Wedges and movable axially of the spindle and the sleeve to move said wedges relatively to said projections to ell'ect a relative rotative movement el said spindle and said sleeve.

ln testimony whereof I have allixed my signature, in presence ot' two Witnesses.

J AMES HARTNESS. lVitnesses J. W. BENNETT, J. lV. lVALKER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

